![]() ![]() The cache tutorial is designed to demonstrate the various aspects of modern caches. This is sometimes called the Harvard Architecture where an attempt is made to mitigate the so called Von Nuemann bottleneck where both the instructions and the data reside in the same cache. One is the data cache and the other is the instruction cache. A count of page faults indicate the frequency of page swapping due to memory space shortages as a result of multitasking.Ĭaches: The CPU has two different caches that it simulates. It is possible to manually swap in and out each page. Each entry in the table give page statistics including whether the page is swapped out or not. Page Table: A list of pages belonging to a process is displayed in the page table. This is not necessary in instruction cache as instructions are not modified. copying data from cache to main memory as the cache space is re-used by new data. Note that data in data cache may not be shown in the data memory until the cache is flushed or data is transferred as a result of cache replacement policy, i.e. The hex data is arranged in rows of 16 bytes. The contents are shown in hexadecimal as well as in printable form if the hex values represent printable characters otherwise dots are displayed. Main Memory (RAM): The simulator data memory for each process is shown as maximum 10 pages where each page is 256 bytes in size (in real hardware these are much larger). The inbuilt high-level language has constructs for the definition of interrupt routines as interrupt handlers the addresses of which are placed in the interrupt vectors at program load time. Each interrupt vector is triggered by a pre-defined event, e.g. The CPU simulator defines a list of vectored interrupts. The processors can be used to demonstrate load balancing and virtualization with multiple operating systems. It is also possible to configure the CPU simulators as loosely-coupled architectures. Each processor is identical and loading code in one can optionally be duplicated in others thus simulating shared memory or tightly-coupled architectures. multicore processors, the simulator can optionally start multiple processor simulations. In order to be able to study systems with multiple processors, e.g. A history of pipeline activity is maintained that can be used to investigate the stages of the pipeline. Different methods of eliminating pipeline hazards to improve performance can be clearly demonstrated to improve understanding. The pipeline stages are colour coded and animated. The cache placement and replacement policies can be selected the hit/miss ratios for different cache organizations can be plotted and compared. These advanced simulators can be used to demonstrate technology specific details and their impact on system performance. A stack is provided that demonstrates support for interrupts, system calls, subroutine parameters, saving register values between subroutine calls, and return addresses.Ī further refinement to CPU simulator is the inclusion of cache and pipeline simulations both of which provide highly configurable and visual operations. The simulator provides runtime debugging facilities for the selected instructions, registers and memory locations. ![]() The stored instructions can then be individually selected and manually executed one by one or run as a program. The selected assembler instruction is then added to the CPU instruction memory. In selecting operands the associated addressing modes can also be specified at the same time. The CPU instructions can be entered manually by selecting valid instructions and operand(s) from a list of instructions and operands. load and store, the CPU instruction set is based on register to register addressing. The CPU Simulator is loosely based on Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC) architecture with a prominent register file composed of from 8 to 64 configurable fast registers, a minimal set of variable-length instructions (pure RISC has fixed length instructions), a limited number of addressing modes, data and instruction caches and a 5-stage instruction pipeline. The CPU instructions are generated by the compiler. It supports multiple CPU simulations in shared memory or loosely coupled architectures. The CPU Simulator incorporates data and instruction cache simulators as well as a 5-stage CPU instruction pipeline simulator.
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